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锟斤拷锟斤拷摘 要锟斤拷锟接硷拷录锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷片锟轿碉拷锟斤拷锟脚癸拷锟筋，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷澹拷俚锟斤拷锟阶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷粘锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械幕锟教拷诮锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟叫撅拷锟节癸拷去60锟斤拷锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟剿革拷锟斤拷锟皆变化锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖аэ拷锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟绞斤拷锟斤拷谋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷荩锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截ｏ拷锟酵达拷锟斤拷锟皆的憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔既憋拷锟绞癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟届。锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同时锟节达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟竭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷慕缍拷锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷怨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接角和凤拷锟斤拷锟桔憋拷迁锟斤拷学锟斤拷史锟届迹锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截硷拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(belief)锟斤拷锟斤拷(believing)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁；锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥ｏ拷实锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟缴★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉、锟结构锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆匡拷头锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷姆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鄄锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞拷锟斤拷末锟斤拷锟斤拷十锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(Performance Theory)锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟角简单碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锞�(context)锟侥角度★拷锟斤拷实锟较ｏ拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰界定锟斤拷锟阶从讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟斤拷锟皆憋拷铮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷源锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟绞阶拷汀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟斤拷锟斤拷乇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷牡锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(item-centered approach)锟斤拷转锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟侥碉拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(performance-centered approach)[2]锟斤拷锟节达拷一转锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史转锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟绞碉拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷转锟斤拷锟接讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节革拷锟藉，锟接撅拷态锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷转锟斤拷态锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋，锟接癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷片锟轿碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋，转锟斤拷锟阶拷锟斤拷诓锟斤拷细锟斤拷锟斤拷氪达拷锟斤拷锟秸筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷统锟斤拷锟斤拷头锟斤拷统锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟剿的猴拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟揭拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷·锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿撅拷锟斤拷细锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷酆锟斤拷芯锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷源斯锟斤拷锟斤拷讯锟斤拷薪锟斤拷埽锟斤拷瞬锟阶革拷浴锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟戒化锟斤拷平锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(folk belief)锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟皆憋拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟侥的凤拷式转锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁发锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痰谋浠拷锟斤拷锟斤拷说锟斤拷锟节碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟斤拷乇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟筋堪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街伙拷锟斤拷谋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶拷牛锟斤拷锟矫达拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷氐锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟窖凤拷展锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷毛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟节诧拷同时锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诮锟�(folk religion)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷亩锟斤拷濉�
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉，锟角达拷锟斤拷锟剿硷拷锟捷达拷学锟斤拷杉锟斤拷锟斤拷校锟斤拷锟斤拷学专业锟斤拷韦锟斤拷·锟斤拷锟斤拷(Wayland Hand)锟斤拷1961锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟斤拷涠拷锟斤拷谢锟街憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷说鹿锟窖э拷甙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷椎锟�·锟斤拷锟斤拷(Alfred Lehmann)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(superstition)锟斤拷锟藉。锟斤拷锟杰猴拷锟铰诧拷未锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节界定锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷说锟绞毖э拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟捷的达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚★拷(Popular Beliefs and Superstitions from North Carolina)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉：
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷说锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆帮拷锟斤拷锟脚和达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(popular beliefs)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶碉拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷锟酵猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷潭锟斤拷娲︼拷杉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷悖拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(genre)锟叫筹拷锟街ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浯碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”“锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟秸憋拷锟斤拷锟叫的癸拷锟筋，锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟筋不锟杰憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟较可ｏ拷锟斤拷锟竭诧拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟侥匡拷学锟桔点。”[3]
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉，锟斤拷锟角憋拷夕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角达拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷·约锟斤拷(Don Yoder)锟斤拷1974锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷摹锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诮锟�(folk religion)锟斤拷“锟节教碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�”锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷诮谭锟斤拷锟�”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷园锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�/锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟截ｏ拷也锟斤拷锟皆帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟截ｏ拷锟斤拷也一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷味锟脚革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟节诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷俜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诘慕锟斤拷殴锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟剿ｏ拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷实锟矫的讹拷锟藉：锟斤拷锟斤拷诮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫凤拷锟节斤拷(official religion)锟较革拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角癸拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷却锟斤拷同时锟斤拷锟节碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节教癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉。[4]
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷约锟铰碉拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴碉拷·锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诺(Leonard Primiano)锟斤拷1997锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟节斤拷(vernacular religion)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷腔锟教拷锟斤拷诮锟�(religion as it is lived锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷),也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(encounter)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解、锟斤拷锟酵猴拷实锟斤拷锟节教★拷锟斤拷然锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟节地帮拷锟斤拷锟脚诧拷锟酵ｏ拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟节教就诧拷锟缴憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷椎摹锟酵拷锟斤拷诮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭拷锟斤拷锟节革拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟窖э拷频姆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷纬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟斤拷庸锟斤拷獭锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷吒锟斤拷嘶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞讹拷锟叫拷滩诺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴★拷通锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟桔伙拷要锟斤拷注锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆★拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟斤，锟皆硷拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷[5]
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节猴拷锟铰的讹拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷牛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(genre)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式(genre)之锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷然片锟轿★拷锟斤拷锟介但锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟阶碉拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷母”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥癸拷锟筋，却锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫公锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟节教癸拷锟斤拷涂锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿诧拷锟缴憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷缘摹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷眨锟皆硷拷锟�13锟斤拷之锟斤拷亩锟斤拷澹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟较低持拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟竭猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥革拷锟斤拷之锟铰ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟筋动锟斤拷锟皆筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷野之锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为约锟铰碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫凤拷锟节教的癸拷系锟叫憋拷锟界定锟侥ｏ拷锟角官凤拷锟节教碉拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴诧拷锟街ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫凤拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷龋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诘卮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷频锟轿伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷欠锟斤拷锟斤拷诘模锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诠俜锟斤拷诮蹋锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷趾锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥筹拷纸锟斤拷殴锟较碉拷锟�23锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷诮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诮锟�(folk religion)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟绞诧拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟侥伙拷态锟节教的角讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谓锟侥官凤拷锟节斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷“实锟斤拷锟较诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节★拷”[6] “锟节斤拷锟叫革拷锟街憋拷准锟斤拷锟侥★拷指锟斤拷锟皆碉拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷遣锟矫伙拷锟绞裁达拷凸鄞锟斤拷诘锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷斯俜锟斤拷诮獭锟矫伙拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟�——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节教层级锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷员锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节教撅拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教皇憋拷锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟街达拷锟斤拷摹锟绞ワ拷锟斤拷锟较撅拷锟�‘锟劫凤拷’锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟筋。”[7] 锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节碉拷只锟角伙拷态锟节教ｏ拷锟角诧拷锟较斤拷锟斤拷锟脚碉拷锟节斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节教碉拷锟斤拷锟街诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铩ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诮锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷冢锟斤拷锟斤拷诟锟斤拷说牟锟斤拷妫拷锟斤拷械锟斤拷诮锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷椎摹锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节癸拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷十锟斤拷洌拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诮痰慕嵌群头锟斤拷锟斤拷鄯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥承╋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷员浠拷锟斤拷锟叫╋拷浠拷锟绞裁�?为什么锟结发锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟戒化?锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖аэ拷拼锟斤拷谋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(performance)锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔凤拷式转锟酵癸拷系锟斤拷锟�?锟斤拷锟侥斤拷锟皆达拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷咏锟斤拷敕斤拷锟斤拷郾锟角拷锟�
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