����2023��4��27�����磬��ɽ����ѧ��ѧ�ߵ��о�Ժ�����“��������о�����ϵ�н���”�ڶ�����ɽ����ѧ֪��¥�������������ν������й�����ѧԺѧ��ίԱ������ѧ�����Ρ��й�����ѧԺ��ѧ��������������ɽ����ѧ��ѧ�ߵ��о�ԺҶ�ν������֡�ɽ����ѧ��ѧ�ߵ��о�Ժ����ѧ�о���ʦ�������˱��ν�����
�����������ڴ�“��ͷʫѧ”���������˱�����������ָ��������ѧ�����У���ͷ�ĺ������ʫѧ������һ����������ϵ�����dz�˵��ʫѧ��ʵ����Ҫ�ǻ�����д�Ļ���ʫѧ��������ʿ�����������������ѧ����ͳ�У�ʫѧ�������ǽ������ʫѧ�������ڲ�����“����ʷʫ”�����ڿ�ͷʫѧ�о������б���Ϊ����ʷʫ������һ������ѧ��������ܽ�����󣬴Ӷ���һ��������“����ʷʫ”�����׹�����ϵ�µĿ�ͷ�ԡ���ͳ�Ժ���ط����������“���Ե�ͼ”��“������дϵͳ”��������������������7000��������ȴ��40%�DZ�Σ�ģ���ȫ��Ҳ����290������дϵͳ����һ��������������дϵͳ�����ֵ��γɹ��̡���д�淶���������֮����໥��ϵ������Ϊ�����ֲ��������Ե�һ����Ȼ�������ֻ��һ�����ܵĽ����������ֵij�����һ����������˵������һ���漣��������һ�����������֣�����һ�������˵ġ��޴���¼���
�����ڽ���“���Ժ�����”ʱ���������ڱ�ʾ������Ϣ����Ѹ�ٷ�չ�Ľ��죬������Ȼ�кܶ��ֿ�ͷ��ͳ�����е�ʹ�ûæ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èµ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Öºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ö±ï¿½ï¿½Îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Òªï¿½ï¿½Ã½ï¿½é¼¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Îªï¿½Æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Åºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ê·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ÖªÊ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½7%����������ǿ�������Ե�ʹ����ʵ�õ�һ�˺�������һ�ˣ��м仹�кܶ������̬��ʵ��һ�˵�����ʹ�ø������ָ�ճ���ͨ�е���ʱ���ʣ��������������ʧ����һ�˸߼�������ʹ������������չ���˸�ҥ��������Ե��ǻ۵ı��������Խ���ճ������������̬��ָÔ��һ��ʵ�õ����壬�ᱻʹ�������İ취������������������Ҳһ������������·Â·ï¿½ï¿½·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½“I have a dream”�����������20���͵���˵�¼���������˵�������dz��������Եġ�������Ϊ��Ϣ�ķ����ߣ���Ҫ����ǿ��ʹ�����ֵ���Ϣ��ø���׼ȷ�����������κ�һ���ִ�������ҵij��������������������ֱ�׼���Ĺ��̡����ֺ����Զ�������������˵�����ž޴��ƶ����ã����й���ѧ�о���δ������������Ч�������ر��ע��
������̸��“��д���ͷ”ʱ������������Ϊ����д����������ϲ��Ļ���ͳ�ν׼�����ԣ�ײ���ϵ��һ��ģ����Ҿ����˱�׼����������ʽ��úܾ��ɣ�����“��ֽ����”��֮���䡣��ͷ���Ǿ���Ư�Ƶġ��䶯�ġ������ġ����һ����������ؾͿ�ʼ������֡����ӿ�ͷ����Ϊ��ͷ�Dz�׼ȷ�ġ����۵ġ������Եġ���ʱ�ġ������ĵȵ�������Ƶ�˵�����Ӷ�������һ�ֹ۵����“������������”��Ҳ��һЩ����ѧ�߽���“���������”��������Ϊ���ִ�����ѧ����һֱ������“��д�߼�”������������������“��д”����������һ��Ҳ������Ϊ“��д�߼�”���ںܳ�ʱ�����ͷ��ͳ���������������Ƕ�����֪ʶ��ϵ�ж��DZ����ӵġ����������ִ�ͳ��ʷ�ƾá���ʷ���׷dz��ḻ�Ĺ����У����ǻ���Ȼ��Ϊ��������ɿ��ģ����ǹ�����᲻ȫ��ô������20����60�����ŷ�ͱ��������˹�����д�Ļ����ͷ�Ļ����������������ƶ����õ�ʷ��“���Ұ”�ļ�������֮���γ���ijЩDZ����������ʥ·��˹��ѧ�����߶���·ï¿½Ì£ï¿½Walter Ong������“��ͷ��”���Ļ���ѧ��������ۡ���20����80����������������ѧ����Լ��·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ë¹·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¨John Miles Foley����Ϊ��ͷ��ͳ�о�����˧�����졶��ͷ��ͳ����Oral Tradition��ѧ����
�����ڷ������Ļ��Ų��������ò£¬¿ï¿½Í·ï¿½ï¿½Í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ú±ï¿½Ê¾ï¿½Ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ä»ï¿½ï¿½Å²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2003���У�����Щ�Ų�Ϊoral��non-material��intangible���ֱ��Ӧ����“��ͷ/������”“�����ʵ�”��“���ε�”�����ڷ������Ļ��Ų�������͵ĵ�һ�����ǿ�ͷ��ͳ��oral traditions������ʱ�����ƽ��������ͷ�ͷ������Ų����������ӡ���Լ���綨�������ǵ��ں�����֮ͨ�����ָ�������ء��������Ļ�����һ���dz�ͷ��β�Ŀ�ͷ��ͳ������̬���������“����”���ڴ��к�ʹ���У����Ҳû����ȫ�����ͷ��������֮����ͷ��ͳһֱ�������������Ļ�������Ҫ�Ļ��ڡ���ͷ��ѧ���ص��������˵ģ��������˵ģ����ڿ�ͷ��ѧ���ڴ��У���û�������Ǿ�û���ˣ�����д��һ���������Ϲ��̿�����֯�����У�һֱ��һ����������˵���������޲���һ������ȥ���͵��ڷٻ���һ��ͼ��ݣ�������֪ʶ����ͷ���в�����д��ֽ�ϡ��ҹ���20����80����Ժ����������������ʷʫʱ��Ҳ��һ���ܱ�׼��˵����“������Ϣ”��������ȥ�˸��ȥ�ˡ��Ӷ�Ҳ�ʹ�����һЩ���������ͷ��ͳ��“�ֲ�ʽ�洢”����ش洢�����⡢“������”���⡣
����ʷʫ�ݳ�ʱ����ʲô��Ϊ��Ҫ����������Ҳ������������⡣����·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ì¸Ïµï¿½ï¿½Ê·Ê«ï¿½ï¿½Ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½Ð¾ï¿½Ïµï¿½ï¿½Ê·Ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½Ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ÎªÏµï¿½ï¿½Ê·Ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Êµï¿½Ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ã»ï¿½Ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ý³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ò»ï¿½ã¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Å®ï¿½ï¿½Ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾´ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Òªï¿½ï¿½Ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Å®ï¿½ñ³ª£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ê²Ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ò²Ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ë¹ï¿½ï¿½Ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ý³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Îªï¿½ï¿½Î·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Í½á¹¹ï¿½Ç²ï¿½ï¿½Ç±È½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬“������”���ص��ٴγ��֣��������˾��б����ԣ������˾ͱ����Ҫ�ˡ�
������󣬳��������ֶ����·��򡢹�����̬ѧ����ͷ��ʽ���۵Ƚ����˽�Ϊ�꾡������������ʾ���ࡢ��������������ͬһʱ����ͬʱ��ɵģ������д�Ϳ�ͷ��ʱ�����һЩ�����ת������ʱ������������ԡ��ض����¼���ϵ��һ��
�����ݽ�������Ҷ�ν��������ܽᷢ�ԣ��������ڴ�����ϵͳ������ϵͳ̸��ϵͳ������“��ͷ��ͳ”��ѧ��ʷ�����ǿ���˿�ͷʫѧ��Ҷ�ν���ָ�����ڿ�����ͳ������ѧ�������ѧ�������Ƶ�ѧ�������£��������ڵ��ݽ�Ϊ�����ȷ�Դ�ѧ��Σ����׼ȷ��λ�������ơ���׼̽��ѧ�ƽ����ṩ��һ���ܺõ����۷�����о�˼·��
���������ۻ��ڣ������������Ļش���ʦ��������Ĺ����ִ���ý���ڿ�ͷ��ͳ�ij�������������е����ֿ�ͷ�����봫������ͷʫѧ�о�����ı߽磬�Լ���ͷ��ͳ�����֪ʶ֧�š���뺼�������ʱ����ʱ��������⣬ʹ�λ�ʦ����“��ͷ��ͳ���ͷʫѧ”���˸�Ϊ��̵���������ᡣ
������ѧ�ڣ�ɽ����ѧ��������о�����ϵ�н���������������Ӿ����ʩ���������Ҷ�εȽ��ڽ�½��������
������Դ���й�����ѧ�� ��������ࣺ�̺�о��
|