|
摘 要锟斤拷锟杰癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷坠锟接帮拷欤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞费э拷锟�“锟斤拷史”锟桔革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟节猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶癸拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷证史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷写史锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟剿凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同时锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷Folklore锟斤拷影锟届，锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解。锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷士锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷”同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟解涵锟斤拷锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟斤拷前30锟疥，锟叫癸拷锟街达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶的伙拷锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷胜锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学全锟斤拷莅锟斤拷之锟绞ｏ拷史学一直锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟街达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟剿讹拷锟侥革拷锟皆★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟剿讹拷锟截的轨迹锟斤拷品锟皆★拷
锟截硷拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷锟阶ｏ拷锟斤拷锟阶ｏ拷锟斤拷锟阶ｏ拷锟斤拷史学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷学锟界常锟斤拷锟戒发锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1918锟疥北锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟襟）革拷谣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷习锟斤拷锟皆地斤拷锟斤拷谣锟剿讹拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟揭ワ拷硕锟斤拷锟斤拷畈癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷硕锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷硕锟斤拷牟锟斤拷铩Ｈ伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷耄拷锟叫╋拷锟斤拷刍锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟绞讹拷艿锟皆斤拷锟皆斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷战锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟秸比较ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷夂拷萁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷泄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷姆锟斤拷锟阶凤拷莸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷傻锟斤拷说姆锟斤拷锟绞沸达拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷腔锟斤拷诟锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷咏牵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷强锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉《英锟斤拷锟街典》锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟街典》锟斤拷Folklore锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷泄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷欤拷锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷椎锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浼帮拷锟轿蛔拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷汛锟斤拷锟绞匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷疃拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞憋拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟阶拷獾�1872锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿癸拷锟絅.B.Dennys锟斤拷锟节★拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟桔★拷锟斤拷The China Review锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟阶碉拷锟斤拷锟铰ｏ拷“Chinese Folk-lore”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞憋拷锟节点。锟斤拷些锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学学锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟剿革拷锟接丰富锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁。
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟斤拷60锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泳锟斤拷亩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷鄣锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷丫锟阶拷獾斤拷锟斤拷锟叫╋拷锟接拷愿锟揭ワ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铩拷窕啊锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟叫︼拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟街拷慕锟斤拷洹Ｒ诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泄锟斤拷执锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷臁拷诜锟斤拷苑锟秸癸拷锟剿拷锟皆ㄔ达拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟酵癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷约锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷硕锟斤拷锟叫╋拷锟斤拷锟绞非匡拷锟斤拷慕诘锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷识锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟疥，锟斤拷一锟斤拷强锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷时锟节ｏ拷1915—1925锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷学”——锟皆革拷谣锟剿讹拷为锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟剿讹拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟剿讹拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟皆★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接猴拷锟斤拷1933锟斤拷12锟斤拷3锟斤拷写锟酵的★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥匡拷始锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷梅锟斤拷稀锟斤拷魏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�1916锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔碉拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖�-folklore”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥白伙拷锟斤拷锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞匡拷锟�1931锟斤拷12锟斤拷30锟秸ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷萁锟绞憋拷锟斤拷锟街憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷欧锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟桔ｏ拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷源头锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟绞讹拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖�”“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学”锟斤拷“锟阶伙拷锟斤拷学”锟侥碉拷锟斤拷剩锟街伙拷锟斤拷锟绞癸拷锟斤拷锞筹拷锟斤拷臁ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟狡德刚碉拷英锟侥匡拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟绞讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟疥发锟街碉拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖�—锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖�”锟斤拷锟筋不锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷为“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节猴拷锟绞★拷锟接撅拷锟侥等碉拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟酵猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟街达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷展实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥憋拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞憋拷诮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷夜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷”“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷剩锟绞碉拷锟教斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷亍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解涵锟侥革拷锟铰猴拷锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟斤拷前30锟斤拷慕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿保锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷泄锟斤拷执锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷硕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷氐锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷裕锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟捷斤拷一直锟斤拷锟叫碉拷史学锟斤拷锟皆★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷悖拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诠偶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚硷拷锟斤拷V7.0”锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截碉拷锟斤拷末锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶筹拷锟斤拷65840锟轿ｏ拷锟斤拷锟阶筹拷锟斤拷6573锟轿ｏ拷锟斤拷锟阶筹拷锟斤拷2038锟轿★拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷应劭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫典籍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界：“锟斤拷锟竭ｏ拷习也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷曰锟界，锟斤拷锟斤拷习曰锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟今》ｏ拷锟斤拷“锟诫境锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟皆风化锟铰ｏ拷锟斤拷锟皆凤拷锟斤拷锟�”锟斤拷锟斤拷毛诗锟津》ｏ拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷希锟斤拷谆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�”锟斤拷“千锟斤不同锟界，锟斤拷锟斤不同锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟饺等★拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵筹拷锟斤拷坠鄣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡凤拷裕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浴锟斤拷锟缴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷裕锟斤拷芄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥憋拷目杀锟斤拷浴锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟叫╋拷锟斤拷锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟接的癸拷锟教ｏ拷锟角诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷驶锟斤拷锟斤拷慕锟斤拷锟皆硷拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆的憋拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷1922锟疥，锟斤拷锟较癸拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟洁京锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷螅┏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学系锟斤拷1926锟疥，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿革拷系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷锟轿★拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷确锟斤拷“锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷”位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学系锟斤拷十锟斤拷锟叫撅拷之锟阶★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆伙拷使锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角斤拷展锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷硕锟斤拷锟绞癸拷玫母锟狡拷锟斤拷锟紽olklore锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟角憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷末楠ｏ拷W.G.Sumner锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Folkways锟斤拷影锟届，锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”一锟绞的伙拷锟斤拷锟解涵锟窖撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟斤拷转锟酵ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Folkways强锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷群锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷Ethos锟斤拷锟叫伙拷通之锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷耍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷斜锟揭拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟街达拷锟解涵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷什么锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽olklore锟斤拷Folkways锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷恪⑺硷拷锟街拷渚匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷墓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷宥硷拷逊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷执锟斤拷锟斤拷杀洌�“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟芥？锟斤拷锟街达拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟剿讹拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷约锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫╋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷频锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋互前锟叫ｏ拷锟接讹拷锟轿筹拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟捷斤拷锟侥凤拷锟接风景锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史学
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟襟，凤拷锟斤拷锟窖撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟节猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴★拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷1911锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷锟斤拷锟叫伙拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷志锟斤拷锟斤拷1922锟斤拷锟酵筹拷锟斤拷锟藉《锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷探锟斤拷锟斤拷1929锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟捷斤拷锟叫★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节★拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷篇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷写锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁，锟斤拷锟斤拷群锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷群之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介、锟饺好★拷锟斤拷锟斤、习锟竭ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰撅拷锟疥，锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷为一锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟阶★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷撸锟斤拷觳伙拷锟轿拷锟窖撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷殉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷藿锟街拷狻ｏ拷锟皆伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿ｏ拷锟铰达拷锟阶★拷谓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷悖拷锟斤拷锟斤拷虿槐锟揭诧拷锟�”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟轿伙拷锟斤拷锟皆斤拷锟节匡拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟接旧凤拷锟阶观碉拷锟铰凤拷锟阶观碉拷一只锟缴达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷说锟斤拷一锟斤拷前锟斤拷”锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之志锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷卮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆凤拷锟斤拷为锟劫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿憋拷锟叫凤拷味锟侥伙拷锟接ｏ拷锟狡碉拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷叶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭ｏ拷魏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥革拷时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫癸拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也应锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷锟斤拷锟揭�”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷校锟斤拷锟接︼拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡和家癸拷危锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷识锟窖撅拷锟斤拷为一锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟侥参匡拷指锟疥。
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷锟侥★拷锟叫伙拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷志锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷识锟斤拷浓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷录锟斤拷志之锟解，锟绞记★拷锟轿记★拷锟斤拷志锟斤拷锟秸憋拷锟叫斤拷锟斤拷锟叫关凤拷锟阶的硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟叫★拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴的★拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷识之锟解，锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟揭革拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟接帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“士锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟捷硷拷锟劫碉拷同时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“知锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷偏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟今话★拷锟斤拷锟铰★拷锟斤拷说锟斤拷锟斤拷谣锟斤拷俚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷Folklore锟斤拷指锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟解涵锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷末锟紽olkways锟斤拷锟皆碉拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷诤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺凤拷岢拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷某锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷Folklore锟斤拷锟睫诧拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节撅拷锟斤拷图锟斤拷也锟角达拷统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶拷偷墓锟斤拷锟斤拷校锟斤拷锟酵拷潭锟斤拷艿锟斤拷锟窖в帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些学锟剿对凤拷锟阶的碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉，使锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷双锟斤拷锟解涵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟酵癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟叫碉拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴伙拷锟斤拷锟侥裁碉拷锟矫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷写锟叫癸拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瘢砍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷锟街拷猓拷锟叫╋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷欠锟斤拷锟斤拷鸥锟轿憋拷拥谋锟斤拷锟皆ㄔ达拷锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷1902锟疥创锟届《锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥碉拷实锟斤拷1877—1951锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟阶★拷锟斤拷师锟洁、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶碉拷锟剿斤拷锟矫ｏ拷锟脚斤拷锟酵拷锟皆拷锟剿硷拷爰わ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰碉拷锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷锟秸憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷欤拷锟斤拷锟绞讹拷锟饺拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿ｏ拷锟斤拷锟绞憋拷锟斤拷锟�1904锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿癸拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷帷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟矫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节的诧拷锟斤拷楼锟斤拷锟斤拷1905锟疥创锟届《锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷缘锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷摺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷酃狻拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟绞讹拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷牡锟绞碉拷锟揭诧拷锟揭晃伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶拷锟轿拷锟街拷凸锟斤拷锟街拷锟侥摆讹拷锟剿★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷确锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷斜锟斤拷诠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷途锟绞凤拷锟�“锟斤拷史”锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角撅拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷母锟缴拷说锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷食锟斤拷思锟诫、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶等碉拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟芥划锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之盛衰锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟侥凤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷十锟斤拷锟斤拷之一锟斤拷锟揭斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史之锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟节斤拷史锟斤拷学锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷实业史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟酵斤拷通史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟接凤拷锟阶角度讹拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭癸拷锟斤拷诈伪锟斤拷锟金，憋拷锟斤不锟捷ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为师锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教凤拷为锟轿★拷锟斤拷螅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷硕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷巍锟斤拷锟街�“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷耍锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷堑锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母叨锟斤拷锟教拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟皆讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷傻偷锟斤拷叻锟轿拷锟斤拷龋锟斤拷锟饺ㄊ憋拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟饺ㄊ憋拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟饺ㄊ憋拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟叫┧硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉、锟斤拷锟揭碉拷危锟斤拷锟斤拷识锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷亍锟斤拷锟斤拷遥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷帧锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷帧锟斤拷锟斤拷住锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟绞狄碉拷亩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿碉拷止锟斤拷叶锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟阶讹拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟届，锟斤拷锟届，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟届。然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”前锟斤拷每锟斤拷一锟揭ｏ拷锟斤拷一锟秸ｏ拷奴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泄锟斤拷锟斤拷谆锟街拷锟饺ワ拷锟斤拷痈锟斤拷浴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷澹拷潭锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟藉，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫癸拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷貌锟斤拷胁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷牵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷矢傻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷锟斤拷谆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆救伙拷锟侥★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴此可硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷强锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭诧拷锟杰讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷写偏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节碉拷锟叫癸拷史锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷史”锟叫碉拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭讹拷偏锟斤拷“士锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥及锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷遥锟斤拷锟斤拷址锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷院锟斤拷锟轿拷锟轿伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷牡摹锟斤拷锟斤拷浠拷殖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷洌拷直锟斤拷嵌锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷魏痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷剩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷值募锟轿Ｊ憋拷郑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷歉锟绞憋拷锟斤拷枪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街讹拷锟斤拷庸锟斤拷械锟斤拷锟斤拷浴锟斤拷纱耍锟斤拷锟斤拷嗟憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟酵筹拷姆锟斤拷状臃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷椤拷锟斤拷俚锟阶碉拷指锟芥，锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷亍锟斤拷锟斤拷谢锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷呛锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截的憋拷志锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷旨趣锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟叫憋拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”之锟斤拷锟节★拷锟节碉拷实锟斤拷锟斤，锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉、锟斤拷锟斤、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位一锟藉。
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷实同时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿ｏ拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷同为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁辑锟斤拷锟角癸拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷员锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟疥，锟斤拷锟戒《锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷确锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷猓拷杉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷牛锟接︼拷锟斤拷锟斤拷濉Ｒ诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟绞笛э拷锟斤拷锟�“同锟斤拷”锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟剿ｏ拷写锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴猴拷写锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷志锟侥猴拷锟接帮拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔伙拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟皆碉拷“锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟阶观★拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟节癸拷锟节凤拷锟阶匡拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷应锟矫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴★拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷锟斤拷写锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟届。锟斤拷之锟斤拷1872锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泄锟斤拷锟斤拷植锟斤拷锟斤拷糯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽olklore一锟绞ｏ拷锟皆碉拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴★拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰凤拷锟阶观的癸拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡猴拷没锟斤拷什么影锟届。
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷为一锟斤拷时锟斤拷锟侥憋拷耍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷洹讹拷锟街硷拷锟斤拷锟绞拷锟�“锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷未锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷未锟斤拷”锟侥古斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷贫锟斤拷馗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥达拷锟解，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷汀锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷枪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟剿凤拷丝”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷凇锟斤拷锟斤拷坠鄱锟斤拷锟斤拷芄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟届。锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷应锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫，锟斤拷实也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷锟斤拷狻�1906锟疥，锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖凳憋拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷说木锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷墓锟窖э拷凸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碌锟饺貉э拷锟斤拷唷ｏ拷锟绞底拷锟阶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“群学锟斤拷一曰锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖б诧拷锟�”锟斤拷然没锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷证锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷实锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷芸芸锟斤拷锟斤拷——锟今，撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷群锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷学也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷群学—锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷薏锟酵拷锟绞碉拷硕锟斤拷锟揭伙拷墓锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷耍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟桔★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介怀也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷史—锟斤拷锟斤拷学—锟斤拷锟窖�”锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟狡憋拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟叫★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷饩帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷约锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟铰凤拷锟斤拷锟较拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诒锟斤拷锟斤拷师锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷宸碉拷“锟斤拷史”锟桔ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为史学锟斤拷锟街达拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭拷锟缴诧拷锟街★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学系锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诮锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟阶观伙拷锟斤拷之锟较斤拷锟叫的★拷锟斤拷锟节合斤拷锟斤拷末锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖抵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学色锟绞革拷浓锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟侥碉拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶拷停锟揭诧拷锟轿讹拷锟斤拷执锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟斤拷泄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷硕锟斤拷牟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷萁锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞费э拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟侥讹拷锟斤拷源头锟斤拷锟捷斤拷路锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷史学锟阶碉拷锟斤拷澹帮拷锟斤拷锟皆讹拷锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接对碉拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴★拷锟斤拷锟接帮拷锟斤拷锟阶观的硷拷要锟酵讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷末锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷潜锟斤拷值姆锟斤拷坠鄣牡锟斤拷锟斤拷院锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞憋拷锟斤拷裕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接︼拷锟斤拷锟侥达拷锟斤拷危锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫继癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷坠鄣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街讹拷锟斤拷樱锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷椎锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥╅锟斤拷锟节癸拷偷陌锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界、锟斤拷锟酵猴拷锟狡度讹拷锟斤拷位一锟藉，锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷裕锟紼thos锟斤拷锟斤拷Folkways锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉，锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷时洌拷锟斤拷锟侥╅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖碉拷锟斤拷锟街憋拷庸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷歉锟斤拷锟狡斤拷蟹锟斤拷锟斤拷摹锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷殴锟酵拷锟街拷刍锟斤拷锟�——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷撞锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟铰ｏ拷锟较革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤竞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟侥猴拷锟斤拷锟借《锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔★拷锟斤拷Evolution and Ethics锟斤拷1897锟斤拷锟斤拷妗Ｍ拷辏拷细锟斤拷锟绞硷拷锟斤拷锟剿癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诮锟斤拷锟斤拷鄣摹锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷The Study of Sociology锟斤拷锟斤拷1903锟疥，锟较猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷殖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷时锟斤拷锟较革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷群学锟斤拷锟皆★拷锟斤拷锟较革拷锟斤拷Sociology锟斤拷锟斤拷为“群学”锟斤拷锟斤拷太平锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟竭ｏ拷锟斤拷末楠诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟叫匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷纬痰牡锟揭伙拷耍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷冉锟剿癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷摹锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为耶鲁锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟窖э拷纬痰慕滩模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟襟波ｏ拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷末楠诧拷锟斤拷锟街帮拷锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥猴拷锟侥筹拷员锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟剿凤拷锟阶观碉拷锟轿成★拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟侥架癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷写锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟阶碉拷锟斤拷应时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷史学”锟杰诧拷锟缴分★拷锟皆斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷知前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞费э拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷睿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�1901锟疥《锟叫癸拷史锟斤拷锟桔★拷锟斤拷1902锟疥《锟斤拷史学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥憋拷之锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史学锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟皆撅拷史学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷摹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角白ㄗ拷锟�“一锟斤拷一锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟�”锟斤拷只为锟斤拷廷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟绞凤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷遥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞芬诧拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷史”锟斤拷锟缴此ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泄锟�“未锟斤拷锟斤拷史”锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔断★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷为锟皆碉拷时锟叫癸拷锟筋博锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷学锟绞ｏ拷史学应锟斤拷锟角癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷牡锟皆慈拷锟斤拷约锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷濉拷俳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞�“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷强锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷胜锟接帮拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷史学锟接癸拷锟斤拷伟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟诫发锟斤拷“史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷史学”锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史学锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟揭憋拷锟斤拷“探锟斤拷锟剿硷拷全锟斤拷之锟剿讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁互之锟斤拷系”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷确指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史学锟斤拷全锟角癸拷锟斤拷时锟斤拷锟窖э拷剩锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷螅锟斤拷锟斤拷涔拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿ｏ拷锟斤拷时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷群学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟狡阶佳э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诮锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷头锟斤拷锟窖э拷龋锟�“锟皆斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷之锟斤拷围”锟斤拷“锟斤拷史学锟斤拷直锟接癸拷系”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡硷拷锟叫筹拷锟斤拷锟杰匡拷之“锟斤拷统史”锟侥筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节猴拷“锟介法”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷统一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一统锟斤拷锟斤拷乾隆末锟疥）锟酵斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷乾隆末锟斤拷之锟襟）ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟铰伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟疥，锟皆匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷时锟斤拷锟角凤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆癸拷锟斤拷为锟截★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉、锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥碉拷锟斤拷史学锟斤拷锟筋，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟侥凤拷锟节★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街凤拷锟斤拷锟诫竞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接★拷锟斤拷锟节猴拷锟藉本位锟酵讹拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史“煽锟斤拷锟斤拷之奴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节碉拷实锟侥凤拷锟阶观和凤拷锟斤拷史锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚猴拷锟截的伙拷锟届。锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷呋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞费э拷锟斤拷锟叫┦憋拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷牟锟斤拷值姆锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷伞锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟斤拷锟拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟剿憋拷然锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史学锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的伙拷锟解。锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷约锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞费э拷鄄锟酵拷锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞费э拷锟斤拷锟教拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟截★拷锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟节对达拷统史学锟斤拷锟铰诧拷锟斤拷锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷锟竭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟界：锟斤拷锟街斤拷锟斤拷锟桔ｏ拷锟斤拷强锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷墓锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷史学之锟铰ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟轿拷芯锟斤拷庸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶刺拷锟窖э拷识锟斤拷锟斤拷碌锟酵拷锟绞费э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟叫达拷泄锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷帧锟斤拷锟教拷锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟截碉拷锟斤拷史学锟桔硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节★拷訄锟介》之锟叫★拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥到锟斤拷锟揭★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷凇锟接堬拷锟�·锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介》锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷太锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷“锟斤拷锟窖拷锟斤拷锟街拷啵╋拷锟斤拷芎锟饺猴拷锟饺褐拷锟斤拷撸锟斤拷诮锟斤拷锟斤拷摇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷濉ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟皆伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铩拷锟斤拷住锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴ヒ伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷炔锟街诧拷锟�”
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷细微锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史学锟桔ｏ拷锟斤拷锟叫达拷锟铰猴拷锟斤拷应锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史学锟竭伙拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接达拷芄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟绞低拷锟斤拷瞥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷木锟斤拷锟绞费э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷群学—锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教拷椎锟斤拷锟斤拷铩拷锟斤拷住锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷郏锟斤拷锟秸刮拷锟斤拷帧锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷帧锟斤拷锟斤拷住锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟绞狄碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔ｏ拷锟斤拷确写锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟阶讹拷锟斤拷”锟桔ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷撰写锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷值锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷牵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴斤拷诓锟斤拷锟斤拷谢锟斤拷锟斤拷支锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟斤拷识锟斤拷态锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉）锟叫碉拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”时锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷习锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母叨龋锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解涵锟斤拷锟斤拷说锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆★拷应锟斤拷说锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞费э拷锟斤拷路锟斤拷坠锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟阶碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔★拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鄞锟酵★拷欤拷锟斤拷锟缴斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷习锟竭★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟解，锟斤拷锟斤拷血统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟节教★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷知锟桔伙拷锟斤拷说锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟铰ｏ拷太平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟节碉拷Folkways锟酵伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史学锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟秸讹拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷也为锟筋不锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟斤拷泄锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Folkways锟届定锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节碉拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Folklore锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�1 | 2 |
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷源锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷啵猴拷毯锟叫撅拷锟�
|
