摘 要锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟侥凤拷锟脚斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷始锟斤拷21锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷锟斤拷应追锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫革拷校锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟竭帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷色锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟侥和憋拷锟斤拷师锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷学院锟侥帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷钥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诳锟秸癸拷锟�“锟斤拷锟阶斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷目前锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟脚斤拷锟斤拷”之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街憋拷拥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浴锟斤拷锟斤拷同时锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷拇锟斤拷锟揭参拷夜锟斤拷锟斤拷捉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷卤浠拷锟�“锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”转锟戒；学院锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫公锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟节合★拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟狡伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟侥癸拷系锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷亟锟斤拷探锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解。
锟截硷拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷锟阶斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔ｏ拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学
锟斤拷锟竭硷拷椋�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷师锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷学院锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷100875)锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷目锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷校锟竭撅拷锟斤拷学锟狡斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷目“锟侥伙拷锟脚诧拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟侥阶讹拷锟皆成癸拷锟斤拷
一锟斤拷选锟斤拷缘锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷挪锟�(锟斤拷锟铰硷拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷”)锟斤拷氐幕锟斤拷铮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瞎锟斤拷炭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷锟�21锟斤拷锟酵筹拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷围锟节凤拷锟斤拷姆锟斤拷疟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷铩ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭恢憋拷锟斤拷牛锟皆讹拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟脚诧拷”(intangible cultural heritage)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡憋拷锟斤拷锟较癸拷锟教匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷织锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷确锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡憋拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟窖撅拷锟斤拷始锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆对教匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷织锟斤拷锟脚憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教碉拷锟斤拷锟桔ｏ拷应锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟竭的伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟叫硷拷锟皆癸拷锟秸★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟侥凤拷锟脚斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷始锟斤拷21锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷锟斤拷应追锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫革拷校锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟竭帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷耍锟教窖帮拷锟斤拷沤锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟街凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浞⒄癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆和凤拷锟斤拷锟侥变化锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷确锟斤拷识锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟脚斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷诘锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫诧拷锟缴伙拷缺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫硷拷锟节此ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(1903-2002)锟酵憋拷锟斤拷师锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷学院为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要展锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教ｏ拷锟斤拷示锟节癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节匡拷展锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟阶斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟脚斤拷锟斤拷”之锟斤拷锟斤拷诘锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷裕锟酵憋拷锟斤拷锟教斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷拇锟斤拷锟轿拷锟酵筹拷锟斤拷捉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷卤浠拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿寄壳帮拷锟斤拷沤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解。
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷选锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷缘锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟节ｏ拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟侥碉拷锟斤拷撕锟斤拷斓硷拷锟街伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷捉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿硷拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟轿成和凤拷展锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿巨达拷锟斤拷锟皆讹拷锟接帮拷臁ｏ拷锟�1949锟斤拷直锟斤拷2002锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟斤拷师锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷学院锟斤拷2003锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷为“锟斤拷锟斤拷系”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷使锟斤拷师锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泄锟斤拷锟斤拷捉锟斤拷锟斤拷涂锟斤拷械锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟斤拷锟饺拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫ｏ拷锟节癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷要影锟届。锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶斤拷锟斤拷思锟诫及锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节憋拷师锟斤拷锟斤拷学院时锟节的癸拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟桔点，锟斤拷同时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷慕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷探寻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诠锟斤拷锟斤拷浴锟斤拷诙锟斤拷锟�21锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷师锟斤拷锟斤拷学院锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷屎凸锟斤拷诘姆锟斤拷疟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷疃拷锟斤拷诠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿伙拷锟斤拷影锟届。锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1991锟疥考锟诫北师锟斤拷锟斤拷学院锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖ёㄒ碉拷牟锟绞垦伙拷锟�1996锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节达拷锟轿教ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷25锟疥，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷炔锟斤拷锟斤拷吮锟绞︼拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷学锟狡癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷沤锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瑁拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷冉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节匡拷始锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之前锟斤拷锟饺硷拷说锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截硷拷锟侥革拷锟筋及锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟�
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟脚诧拷”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟脚斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较癸拷锟教匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷织锟戒布锟侥★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟脚诧拷锟斤拷约锟斤拷(2003锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰硷拷啤锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟�)锟侥界定锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷群锟藉，锟斤拷时锟角革拷锟剿ｏ拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟脚诧拷锟斤拷刹锟斤拷值母锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞斤拷锟街讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷约锟斤拷锟截的癸拷锟竭★拷实锟斤、锟街癸拷锟斤拷品锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟脚诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁传锟斤拷锟节革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷群锟斤拷锟斤拷应锟斤拷围锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟劫达拷锟届，为锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷群锟斤拷锟结供锟斤拷同锟叫和筹拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟接讹拷锟斤拷强锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷锟洁创锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟节★拷锟斤拷约锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟脚诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁：“1.锟斤拷头锟斤拷统锟酵憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟脚诧拷媒锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷裕锟�2.锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷3.锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋动锟斤拷4.锟叫癸拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知识锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷5.锟斤拷统锟街癸拷锟秸★拷”
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥斤拷“锟斤拷锟脚斤拷锟斤拷”锟界定为锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷头锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟脚诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械玫锟饺凤拷稀锟斤拷锟斤拷睾秃锟斤拷铮拷佣锟斤拷俳锟斤拷浯拷械墓锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷”(folklore)锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟阶斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷摹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷邸锟斤拷校锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟界定为“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诖锟斤拷臁拷锟斤拷煤痛锟斤拷械锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟�”锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟介将“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟洁：锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷住锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷缀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷祝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蚝锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷住锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷住锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷织锟斤拷锟阶★拷锟斤拷时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷头锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较凤拷锟斤拷锟�11小锟洁。
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥斤拷“锟斤拷锟阶斤拷锟斤拷”锟界定为锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷姆锟绞斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷莼锟斤拷侄锟斤拷锟绞╋拷薪锟斤拷锟斤拷墓锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟解部锟桔诧拷锟竭碉拷锟接角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟教伙拷锟斤拷锟秸★拷维锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街段猴拷锟斤拷源锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟藉精锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟酵筹拷姆锟接筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诘墓锟斤拷罴帮拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟侥筹拷之为“锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”)锟斤拷锟酵达拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭碉拷锟节诧拷锟接斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶的斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫的癸拷锟筋及锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟�(“锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”)锟斤拷锟皆硷拷学校锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角革拷校锟斤开展锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学学锟狡斤拷锟借，锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟阶斤拷锟斤拷”锟侥筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷态锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟侥癸拷系锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟脚诧拷”锟斤拷锟筋被锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭筹拷锟节憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷椎锟斤拷锟揭拷锟斤拷荨锟斤拷锟绞碉拷希锟斤拷锟斤拷疟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瞎锟斤拷炭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷锟斤拷锟节碉拷锟斤拷锟金，憋拷直锟斤拷源锟节讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟津化猴拷锟街达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫筹拷锟街碉拷危锟斤拷锟侥癸拷注锟斤拷应锟皆★拷锟斤拷耍锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”直锟斤拷锟斤拷兀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖аэ拷锟揭诧拷锟剿筹拷为为锟斤拷锟脚憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结供学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟捷碉拷锟斤拷要学锟斤拷之一锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷源锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷啵猴拷锟街撅拷堋锟�
|
