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锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟轿�“锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟剿斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷榫�”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷前锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺猴拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷刖猴拷锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截碉拷锟斤拷群锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟阶硷拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷“锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷循锟斤拷选锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷模式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷榫筹拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷裕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷叩谋锟角拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷史锟斤拷实”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟叫关伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷源锟斤拷锟轿成碉拷锟斤拷证锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷强锟斤拷一锟街硷拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷缘锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟�
锟截硷拷锟绞ｏ拷锟斤拷史学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒；锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟戒；锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷史锟斤拷实
锟姐汉锟斤拷锟角讹拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟铰凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟皆癸拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷寻锟斤拷锟饺筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角讹拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锥慰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拇锟斤拷锟角帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷志之锟斤拷锟斤拷——“锟狡碉拷为锟斤拷锟接诧拷锟斤拷娶锟斤拷山锟斤拷之女锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷喾ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷支锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟筋伯”——锟缴憋拷证锟斤拷为锟斤拷史锟斤拷实锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟狡帝猴拷锟斤拷”锟角凤拷为一锟斤拷史锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷隆锟斤拷锟揭晃伙拷辖锟斤拷锟绞费э拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟斤拷锟揭黄凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实”锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟津单碉拷锟铰★拷锟斤拷锟剿达拷统锟较讹拷史锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟解考锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷证锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷史原锟斤拷锟解，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟竭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷证锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街わ拷锟斤拷锟教斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�20锟斤拷锟斤拷30锟斤拷锟斤拷院锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泄锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷史学”锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷去锟酵癸拷锟斤拷实锟侥筹拷锟斤拷锟斤，锟斤拷锟揭黄拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷椎募锟街碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷硕锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷实锟侥癸拷去”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较憋拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟较革拷锟酵观★拷锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷去”锟脚存，锟酵观凤拷映锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结构锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫考锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷去”锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结构锟斤拷锟捷伙拷模式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟矫斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷志锟斤拷锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷图锟斤拷锟狡★拷母系锟斤拷锟饺等ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟狡碉拷”锟脚达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷史学锟叫撅拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟角碉拷锟斤拷史知识锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟酵猴拷锟揭讹拷蟹锟斤拷某沙锟斤拷刍锟斤拷锟�
然锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟斤拷之末锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟竭讹拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史知识锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴ｏ拷“锟解构”锟斤拷锟斤拷史知识锟斤拷为一时锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史知识锟叫猴拷锟斤拷锟解？锟截硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷之一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷细锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷稀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷疲锟斤拷怨锟斤拷煞锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷史锟斤拷实”锟斤拷“锟斤拷确锟�”锟斤拷analogy锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然“锟斤拷确锟�”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知识锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷寻锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷然疃拷校锟斤拷锟斤拷浅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤。也锟斤拷锟斤拷说锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角碉拷知识锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟接帮拷欤伙拷诖锟街讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷嵌锟斤拷濉⒀帮拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟狡碉拷”锟斤拷“锟斤拷氐锟�”锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷寻锟斤拷锟侥★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷墙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟教斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺�”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆活动锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟接帮拷臁Ｆ╋拷纾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟截撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆的活动锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节讹拷锟斤拷些史锟斤拷时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷械锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较帮拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷毓锟饺ワ拷泻尾锟窖帮拷锟街拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟街达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷学锟竭匡拷始注锟斤拷一些锟斤拷元锟侥★拷锟斤拷缘锟侥★拷锟届常锟斤拷锟斤拷锟襟，诧拷锟斤拷锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉。譬锟界，锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟较憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷“锟侥憋拷”锟斤拷text锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷nar ratives锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷强锟斤拷锟戒背锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介景锟斤拷context锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷烁锟斤拷椤ｏ拷锟剿ｏ拷学锟竭诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷“史实”为取锟斤拷锟阶硷拷锟揭黄凤拷锟饺ワ拷叽锟捷硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷”锟斤拷学锟竭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺�——锟斤拷一锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷矛锟杰ｏ拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角伙拷锟斤拷耍锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫讹拷锟芥及一些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒（social memory锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷identity锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔★拷
锟斤拷之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰的★拷锟缴的★拷锟街达拷锟侥★拷锟斤拷锟街达拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷取锟斤拷之锟铰ｏ拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷实锟斤拷一位锟斤拷史学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷强锟斤拷“锟斤拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟解并锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟揭诧拷追锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟桔碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷史锟较ｏ拷锟斤拷锟角伙拷锟杰凤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷锟侥★拷“史实”锟斤拷
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锟斤拷锟饺简单斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷募锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷郏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞费э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖е拷锟较碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟叫ｏ拷Maurice Halbwachs锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟角硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷洌╟ollective memory锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔的匡拷锟斤拷锟竭★拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟洁当“锟斤拷锟剿碉拷”锟斤拷锟戒，锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟街硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷锟饺猴拷澹拷锟斤拷庭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉、锟斤拷锟揭★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鹊龋锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷应锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷鄞锟斤拷锟饺猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷堑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷疃拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿伙拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋动锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷盏锟斤拷锟阶ｏ拷疃拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟轿拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟轿�“锟斤拷同锟斤拷源”锟侥匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔癸拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟饺猴拷墓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟阶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃ewis A.Coser锟斤拷“Introduction锟斤拷Maurice Halbwachs锟斤拷”in On Collective Memory,ed锟斤拷锟斤拷 trans锟斤拷by Lewis A锟斤拷Coser锟斤拷Chicago锟斤拷The University of Chicago Press锟斤拷1992锟斤拷锟斤拷Maurice H albwachs锟斤拷Les cadres sociaux de la memoire锟斤拷Paris锟斤拷Presses Universitaires de France锟斤拷1952锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“失锟斤拷”锟斤拷譬锟斤拷小学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫⊙э拷锟斤拷员锟斤拷锟斤拷小学同学锟斤拷锟劫聚会，锟接达拷缺锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟侥伙拷锟斤拷疃拷锟叫⊙э拷锟斤拷锟狡拷锟揭诧拷鸾ケ锟绞э拷洹�
锟斤拷一位学锟竭ｏ拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷Frederick Bartlett锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诩锟斤拷锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷图”锟斤拷schema锟斤拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷诠锟酵★拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷图”锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟剿癸拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷印锟襟集斤拷锟斤拷锟轿成碉拷一锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺猴拷锟斤拷械母锟斤拷耍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭恍╋拷乇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟斤拷硕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介景锟侥观察，锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷晒锟饺ワ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接≈わ拷锟节癸拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷玫锟接★拷锟斤拷锟叫╋拷锟斤拷说木锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接★拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷说锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵硷拷锟紹artlett指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞憋拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷图”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拢锟阶拷锟紽rederick Bartlett锟斤拷Remembering锟斤拷A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology锟斤拷London锟斤拷Cambridge University Press锟斤拷1932锟斤拷锟斤拷pp锟斤拷199锟斤拷202锟斤拷296锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Bartlett锟斤拷强锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷愿锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟届。
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